CAUSES OF HEART ATTACK

The following factors are associated with increased risk of a heart attack:

• Age (Umri): Heart attacks are more likely when a man is over 45, and when a woman is over 55.
• (Umri):Magonjwa ya moyo mara nyingi huwakumba wanaume kuanzia miaka 45 na wanawake miake 55.
• Angina: This causes chest pain due to lack of oxygen or blood supply to the heart.
• (Angina):Haya ni maumivu ambayo huyapata kifuani na misuli ya moyo kukosa kiasi cha damu yenye oxygen.
• High cholesterol levels (Kuzidi kwa kiasi cha Cholestelo mwilini): These can increase the chance of blood clots in the arteries.
• (Kuzidi kwa kiasi cha Cholestelo mwilini): Hii uongeza uwezekano wa damu kugandia ndani ya vishipa vya damu.
  
• Diabetes (Kisukari): This can increase heart attack risk.
• (Kisukari):Ugonjwa wa kisukari uongeza uwezekano wa kuumwa ugonjwa wa moyo.
• Diet (Mlo/Ulaji): For example, consuming large quantities of saturated fats can increase the likelihood of a heart attack.
• (Mlo/Ulaji): Mfano utumiaji zaidi wa vyakula vilivyolowekwa kwa muda mrefu/vilivyokobolewa huweza kusababisha magonjwa ya moyo
• Genetics (Vinasaba): A person can inherit a higher risk of heart attack.
• Heart surgery (Upasuaji wa moyo): This can lead to a heart attack later on.
• (Upasuaji wa moyo):Huwa na kawaida ya kusababisha matatizo ya moyo kwa siku za baadae.
• Hypertension (Shinikizo la juu la damu): High blood pressure can put unnecessary strain on the heart.
• (Shinikizo la juu la damu):Husababisha moyo kufanya kazi zaidi ya uwezo wake wa kawaida.
• Obesity (Uzito Uliopindukia): Being significantly overweight can put pressure on the heart.
• (Uzito Uliopindukia): Huongeza shinikizo katika Moyo.
• Previous heart attack. (Historia ya kuwahi kuumwa ugonjwa wa moyo)
• Smoking (Uvutaji Sigara): Smokers are at much higher risk than non-smokers.
• (Uvutaji Sigara):Wavutaji sigara wanauwezekano mkubwa wa kuumwa ugonjwa wa moyo kulikoni wasiovuta sigara.
• HIV (Ukimwi): People who are HIV-positive have a 50 percent higher risk.
• Work stress (Msongo Kazini): Those who are shift workers or have stressful jobs can face a higher heart attack risk.
• (Msongo Kazini): Watu wanaofanya kazi zenye msongo mkubwa huwa wanauwezekana mkubwa wa kupata ugonjwa wa moyo.

Physical inactivity is a factor in heart attack risk, and the more active people are, the lower their risk of having a heart attack.

Kukaa kaa pasipo kuutumikisha mwili nako husababisha uwezekano mkubwa wa kupata magonjwa ya moyo.

ATTITUDES FAIL US TO KNOW GOOD HEALTH

Mainly in our societies many people classify the good health in wrong ways or right ways but the really truth of good health still being unknown to most of us so that some people are still dreaming to have large volume of their bodies (especially belly) believing that the belly size is direct proportional to financial position / prosperity.

Try to check this diagram below and try to make your own evaluation about the good health from this diagram.

Now from that above diagram between those two people whom do you think has got A GOOD HEALTH?
1. Person A
2. Person B
3. Both A and B
4. None of them.

Now from your answer try to connect it with your reason why you have selected that answer. 

IS THERE ANYTHING BETTER THAN GOOD HEALTH?

How? Remember yourself when you are very ill and you're feelling really bad, do you need something in your condition more than beeing OK again? Everyone knows that feeling! You want so much to start feeling normal again and nothing in the world can make you happy rather than good heath.

Good health is very important to everyone of us likewise a streams of river which never dry  through out the year being surrounded with very beautiful greenish vegetation. This implies also to us if we have good health  we are almost in a position of doing everything in the best ways and reach to the peak of happiness and success.

 
Importantly! pay attention to little details of your health like drinking water at day time, regular body exercises, free yourself from stress, normally eat well and also sleep well. It will be great gift to our health and the key moment to the stage of the beginning of thinking about the crucial thing in our life! only after that you will find for yourself some necessary repeated actions which will influence your health.

UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HEALTH?

Health is not a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being”. And nor is it “merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. The first part of this formulation is enshrined in WHO's famous founding constitution, adopted in 1946. It was supposed to provide a transformative vision of “health for all”, one that went beyond the prevailing negative conception of health based on an “absence” of pathology. But neither definition will do in an era marked by new understandings of disease at molecular, individual, and societal levels. Given that we now know the important influence of the genome in disease, even the most optimistic health advocate surely has to accept the impossibility of risk-free wellbeing.

That said, the conjunction of the physical, psychological, and social remains powerfully relevant to this day. Indeed, this framework should be extended in two further dimensions. First, human health cannot be separated from the health of our total planetary biodiversity. Human beings do not exist in a biological vacuum. We live in an interdependent existence with the totality of the living world. The second dimension is in the realm of the inanimate. The living world depends upon a healthy interaction with the inanimate world. Thanks to the science of climate change, we now understand only too well how contingent our human wellbeing is on the “health” of the Earth's systems of energy exchange.

Science has contributed to our understanding of wellbeing through an ingenious apparatus of techniques that reveal not only the causal pathways of ill health but also evidence for their amelioration. But the language of science can be inhibitory. For example, the notion of suffering is no longer fashionable. It is not a scientific word; it seems vague and old-fashioned, harking back to a time of clinical impotence, when patients had to endure and tolerate pain without respite or relief. Science aims to deliver the means to eliminate much of what once passed for human suffering.

But as the opening article in our Series on health in the occupied Palestinian territory shows, dimensions of suffering, especially at the community level, are measurable and often severe. Science has not eradicated suffering, despite its enormous power to deliver technologies to improve health. Being more humble about the experience of individuals, rather than simply drawing up reductive report cards of their health status, opens up the possibility for a more realistic understanding of what it means to be healthy. The fact is that one cannot be healthy in an unhealthy society.

Health certainly has to encompass these complex determinants of illness. But to say this can induce a feeling of fatigue, even defeat. The obstacles to a minimum quantity of health seem so huge and so complex that it is almost impossible for a single doctor to have any influence on their effects. But if we take a more modest view of what health means, perhaps we may be able to transcend the complexities of disease and offer a very practical mission for modern medicine.

That mission was set out most clearly by a French physician, Georges Canguilhem, in his 1943 book, The Normal and the Pathological. Canguilhem rejected the idea that there were normal or abnormal states of health. He saw health not as something defined statistically or mechanistically. Rather, he saw health as the ability to adapt to one's environment. Health is not a fixed entity. It varies for every individual, depending on their circumstances. Health is defined not by the doctor, but by the person, according to his or her functional needs. The role of the doctor is to help the individual adapt to their unique prevailing conditions. This should be the meaning of “personalised medicine”.

The beauty of Canguilhem's definition of health—of normality—is that it includes the animate and inanimate environment, as well as the physical, mental, and social dimensions of human life. It puts the individual patient, not the doctor, in a position of self-determining authority to define his or her health needs. The doctor becomes a partner in delivering those needs.

For a scientific journal too, Canguilhem's definition is liberating. By using adaptability as the test of health, a journal can evolve to address the changing circumstances of disease. Adaptability frees us to be agile in the face of shifting forces that shape the wellbeing of individuals and populations. Canguilhem's definition also allows us to respond to disease globally, taking account of the context of conditions in a particular place, as well as time.

Health is an elusive as well as a motivating idea. By replacing perfection with adaptation, we get closer to a more compassionate, comforting, and creative programme for medicine—one to which we can all contribute.